Ozone also known as smog is currently though to be the most damaging to the earth. It is a harmful gas the forms when pollutants from cars and industrial sources react with sunlight 

The most damaging pollutant in the US is currently thought to be? 

Layer composed of solid, unweathered rock, such as granite or sandstone. Serves as the foundation from which the overlaying soil layers develop. It is the last layer

What horizon of layers in the soil is known as the bedrock horizon? 

The right balance of these component's ensures healthy soil that can sustain plant life and maintain a thriving ecosystem 

minerals, dirt, organic matter and water 

In a healthy soil composition, what are the four main components?

K potassium N nitrogen and P Phosphorus. NPK ferilzers have different numbers of the labels representing the percentage by weigh of each nutrient in the fertilizer, example 10-10-10 or 20-5-5 etc. Understanding this ration helps individuals choose the right the fertilizer for their specific needs based on type of plant, soils conditions and goal for the land  

The three primary nutrients represented in the N-P-K ratio on fertilizer?

Surveying the land gives an accurate property line which ensures that actions being taken on a piece of land belongs to the person or persons wanting to perform actions on the land.  which can avoid legal issues 

Survey of the boundaries of a timber tract are done to?

Diversity attracts and supports a greater varity of benefical, bird, and other animals that prey on pests. The variety of plants or tree can  gives more food and shelter , which overall supports stronger pest suppression 

The less diverse and ecosystem, the more resistant it is to insect damage 

The more diverse an ecosystem, the less resistant to insect damage 

The more diverse an ecosystem, the more resistant it is to insect damage

The more diverse an ecosystem, the more resistant to fire disturbance 

Which of the following statements is true with respect to forest ecosystems?  

this is the uppermost soil layer, consisting primarily of decomposed and undecomposed organic matter like leaves, twigs and dead plants

First layer of soil also referred to as humus is called? 

High water temperatures negatively affect aquatic organisms by decreasing dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, increasing their metabolic rates and oxygen demand, and accelerating the growth of harmful algae and pathogens. The higher temperatures also increase the toxicity of pollutants and can disrupt growth and reproduction, leading to physiological stress, disease susceptibility, and ultimately impacting the entire aquatic ecosystem. Cooler water temperatures are more ideal for aquatic life

They can more sensitive to pollutants, parasites, and diseases

It extends development periods of the organisms 

It decreases their metabolic rates and oxygen demand

How does higher water temperatures affect aquatic organisms? 

The texuture of the soil is a crucial part in determining a soils ability to hold and transmit water, support plant growth, retain nutrients and resist erosion. (Can be important in understanding what kinds of plants can be grown and how quickly they can bounce back from grazing or disaster)

What are the four primary types of soil, classified by texture?

it established relationship between the forage available and the livestock consuming it, severing as a fundamental tool for proper grazing management to prevent over grazing and ensure long time productivity

Number of animal units grazing per acre for a specified amount of time

Number many fish you can catch from a river 

Number of livestock you can put on a cattle pot at one time 

What is stocking rate? 

a standard unit of measurement for the amount of forage a 1000lb animal unit consumes in one month. Can be used to express the carrying capacity of rangeland  management. Which is crucial for sustainable grazing management 

What is an AUM? 

Non-renewable resources are natural resources found in fixed amounts that cannot be replenished by nature at a rate fast enough to keep up with consumption. Used to power much of the world but lead to environmental concerns like pollution and climate change   

Which of the following provide examples of non-renewable resources? 

Warm water holds less dissolved oxygen than cold water, making it difficult for fish and other organisms to breathe. Temperature influences growth rates, development times, and reproductive success. Low water temperatures are ideal for all keys aspects of aquatic species health 

Warmer water holds more dissolved oxygen from cold water, making it easier for fish and other organisms to breathe?

These resources are converted into clean energy for electricity, heating, and transportation. Offering significant economic, environmental and social benefits by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels  

Sunlight, wind, water and geothermal heat 

Natural gas, wind, water, and geothermal 

Which of the following provide examples of renewable resources? 

Energy can transform from one form to another, but its is never lost or gained, adhering to the law of conservation of energy 

Mechanical, thermal, nuclear, chemical, electrical, thermal,electromagnetic

Thermal, wind, water, chemical, solar, electrical, nuclear

Mechanical, wind, water, chemical, solar, electrical, thermal 

Thermal, biomass, water, chemical, solar, mechanical, nuclear

What are the seven types of energy? 

Less management, fencing but can lead to overgrazing and uneven forage utilization. Rotational = Pastures are divided into smaller paddocks, and animals are moved between them in a planned sequence to allow for forage recovery. more intensive but can improve pasture health forage quality and animal performance. Deferred Rotation Grazing: . A pasture is rested from grazing for a full year or longer, allowing for seed production and plant recovery.   High stocking density with frequent pasture moves, often daily, to maximize forage utilization. 

Animals have unrestricted access to a pasture for the entire grazing season without being end is called what? 

97% of Earth's water is saltwater, and only 1% is available for human use, with only about 2.5% being freshwater. Of that freshwater, the majority is locked in glaciers and ice caps, leaving less than 1% accessible for human use in lakes, rivers, and shallow groundwater.

What percentage of Earth's water is available for human use? 

Understanding ecology allows for responsible resource management, biodiversity conservation, and the development of strategies to sustain ecosystems and ensure human well-being for future generations

The branch of science dealing with the complex relationships among living things and their environment is? 

Invasive species are non native organism that thrive in new envrionements and cause harm. They spread rapidly and over take the native species which can lead to habitat loss and biodiversity loss. The other examples in the question are all Native Grasses to our region 

Which of the following is an example of an invasive species in Eastern Oregon??

Range utilization is a rangeland management concept referring to the percentage of current year's forage production consumed or destroyed by grazing animals, often measured by stubble height. This measurement helps land managers assess the impact of grazing, ensuring that proper use levels achieve management goals, maintain site productivity, and promote healthy plant growth and root systems by leaving adequate residual vegetation. Monitoring utilization is a key component of an adaptive grazing system, which uses data to adjust livestock numbers, grazing timing, and distribution to meet long-term objectives for soil health, plant diversity, and overall rangeland productivity.  Offering shade will keep livestock in one spot when it is hot decreasing utilization of the pasture until it is cooler. But strageticallyvplacing/ and moving frequently  water, mineral, salt and supplements all to differnt areas of the pasture and not having man made shade, livetock will be forced to travel to potentially  more undesirable locations in the pasture(  the top of a hill) and making them travel will make them utilize all the forage in that area. which can increase overall land healthy because all areas are getting similar utilization and grazing rates 

What is of the following does NOT to increase range pasture utilization for a large grazing area? 

Students will review concepts about the applied ag and natural resource class