Question 1

A 42 y/o woman w/ a PMH of nepholithiasis comes to the ED c/o polyuria, constipation & lethargy. Her EKG shows a shorted Q-T interval but is otherwise normal. What likely caused her condition?

Accepted Answer

Hyperkalemia

Question 2

A 59 y/o pt with a PMH of hypoaldosteronism is c/o worsening tremor and cramps. Labs were: PH:7.5, PCO2:30 HCO3:16. What will likely be seen on this patient's EKG?

Accepted Answer

Wide QRS complex - This patient has hypomagnesemia

Question 3

A 70 y/o pt w/ CKD c/o chest pain, dyspnea and profound muscle weakness. His labs: Ammonium (H), Calcium (H) Potassium (H) pH:7.15 PCO2:29 HCO3:14. What emergent finding will be seen on his EKG?

Accepted Answer

Sine waves - HyperK w/ (Met acidosis). EKG will progressively show peaked T to ST depression to sine waves which signify asystole is approaching!

Question 4

Which of the following is a potential sign of low magnesium?

Accepted Answer

+ Trousseau's Sign - Low Mag = low Ca = low K. If a patient has low mag, they will share signs of low mag and low Ca. /K.

Question 5

Which medication would be indicated for a patient complaining of painless muscle weakness after cold exposure?

Accepted Answer

Albuterol (SABA)

Question 6

A 32 y/o man presents to the ED anxious and in the midst of a panic attack prior to his PA school exam. He needs your help so he can go to class. What ABG finding is consistent w/ this pts symptoms?

Accepted Answer

pH:7.6; PCO2: 30; HCO3: 15

Question 7

A random car races past the ED entrance, but not before pushing out a 33 y/o unresponsive male in the midst of a seizure. His ABG reads: pH: 7.11, PCO2: 50, HCO3: 34.  What is a likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory Acidosis - The patient likely OD on opioids (treat with Naltrexone)

Question 8

A 35 y/o woman w/ a PMH of CKD is c/o hypopnea. On PE you note muscle weakness and decreased DTR. What lab findings will likely be seen with this patient's presentation?

Accepted Answer

Low Cl & Low K  - This patient has metabolic alkalosis. See page 906, Chapter 23

Question 9

You are treating a patient with nephrolithiasis, dehydration and renal colic. Their EKG shows a shortened QT interval. What is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Hyperparathyroidism  - The patient has hypercalcemia.

Question 10

Which of the following conditions does not relate to metabolic acidosis?

Accepted Answer

pH 7.5 & HCO3: 32 - Choices A and B - Page 888 and 891 Chapter 23 CMDT; Choice C: Metabolic Alkalosis and Choice D: Metabolic Acidosis

AM Unit 3 - Electrolytes and ABG Test Review

2) A 59 y/o pt with a PMH of hypoaldosteronism is c/o worsening tremor and cramps. Labs were: PH:7.5, PCO2:30 HCO3:16. What will likely be seen on this patient's EKG?

3) A 70 y/o pt w/ CKD c/o chest pain, dyspnea and profound muscle weakness. His labs: Ammonium (H), Calcium (H) Potassium (H) pH:7.15 PCO2:29 HCO3:14. What emergent finding will be seen on his EKG?

4) Which of the following is a potential sign of low magnesium?

5) Which medication would be indicated for a patient complaining of painless muscle weakness after cold exposure?

6) A 32 y/o man presents to the ED anxious and in the midst of a panic attack prior to his PA school exam. He needs your help so he can go to class. What ABG finding is consistent w/ this pts symptoms?

7) A random car races past the ED entrance, but not before pushing out a 33 y/o unresponsive male in the midst of a seizure. His ABG reads: pH: 7.11, PCO2: 50, HCO3: 34. What is a likely diagnosis?

8) A 35 y/o woman w/ a PMH of CKD is c/o hypopnea. On PE you note muscle weakness and decreased DTR. What lab findings will likely be seen with this patient's presentation?

9) You are treating a patient with nephrolithiasis, dehydration and renal colic. Their EKG shows a shortened QT interval. What is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?

10) Which of the following conditions does not relate to metabolic acidosis?